Migration
is a common phenomenon that reflects the relationship between the regions,
including rural and urban relationship. Urban migration phenomenon is a public
response due to the expectations, that is improving the welfare of the people
who migrate. In the other word, rural-urban migration will continue during the
gap occurred between villages and towns. The gap between villages and towns
will continue to widen in many developing countries and increase the flow of
migration processes (speed up processes) from rural to urban. Due to the concentration of growth are
spatially confined to metropolitan cities, so that the capacity of the city to
accommodate and provide employment, facilities, and various forms of services
will be very limited. This situation causes major cities which is being the
destination of migration will be over-urbanization, that is urbanization
processes have rate exceeds that the capacity of the town. Consequently, many
migration suffered illness occurred as a result of urban migration, for example
congestion, severe pollution, increasing slums,
poor sanitation, declining health, crime, and much more. This condition will
decrease the productivity of people in
urban area. In the end, towns and
villages trapped in weaken relationships, not strengthen relationships
(reinforcing each other).
In
a country that relatively mature, balanced development between urban regions
and rural planning has become a necessity and needs. Rural area is a very
important area for planned development. Many rural areas that experiencing
population growth and economic growth, but its development leads to slums
problem. Whereas, rural have relatively wider space but because it is not well
planned, so the development will be unplanned. For example, the road network
and infrastructure systems being not well planned.
Many
people think that building a village is the way transforming the village into
the city. On the other hand there is also a view that poverty and rural
underdevelopment is a fairness, and believes that progress is only in cities. For
people who want to get ahead, only city that could provide welfare. So the
question is there any chance for a future prosperous rural society without
having to move to the city? Is it possible all of the village will be turned
into the city? View that all villages eventually became the city is a naive
view. So that we must give hope that rural life can be promising prosperity and
on the other word, village should be able to be a place that can offer
prosperity to its people. It means welfare of rural communities should be
achieved without having to migrate to the cities or to transform the village
into the city.
There
is a view that the rural only as a place for the primary sector of agriculture
and natural resource management course. Whereas urban with all urbanism unsure
and all elements related to non-agricultural activities. In fact, the
productivity of the primary sectors of agriculture is relatively low and less
likely to be able to create welfare society. Therefore, in view of the
development of rural and urban most recently today, the relationship villages
and towns are always placed in the linkage relationship is inseparable and
mutually reinforcing one other. Rural
and the city are inseparable from the structure of the global economy.
Thus
urban-rural linkages are a form of physical linkages, economic, social
institutional, and technological. Of all urban-rural linkages, ease physical
relationship in the transport sector will increase the intensity of the
relationship between urban and rural areas. In solving the problem of rural
urban linkages there are things to be done on a national level, as well as at
regional and local level. Right policy can only be formulated to effectively
and appropriately when followed with a good understanding on the structure of
the relationship and the resource system of rural and urban. Thought to promote
the village by opening the isolation of the village to the city through the
development of infrastructure such as roads connecting villages and towns, can
be a wrong thought. On the one hand, this policy can facilitate the villagers
to access resources in the city, on the other hand can also improve access to
the city to the village. The city access to the village can be more dominant
than the villagers access to the city will lead to exploitative relationships.
Thus access can increase the potential for exploitation of the village example
ease of converted land functioned as an investment target for example the
construction of the villa. If the road was built mainly to transport
agricultural products and facilitate access of the villagers are not very high
frequency, it is not necessarily the best option is to build wide roads. This
is appropriate when applied in agropolitan village.
Development
of the village into the agropolitan should have agriculture remained dominant
until the agroprosessing level. Settlement arrangements should not converge,
but spread on a minimal scale that can be served by infrastructure services
such as electricity, drinking water, or telecommunications. The infrastructure
available to serve the needs of the community to develop their farm to the
processing activity. Good accessibility by road construction arrangement in
accordance with the grade required, eg inter-village roads and rural roads to
the main road.
Agropolitan
development is an attempt to shorten the distance between rural communities in
the agricultural center with urban industrial areas. Thus agropolitan
service-oriented needs of people in rural areas that are expected to improve
the welfare of farmers in rural communities. Agropolitan could usher in
achieving the ultimate goal of creating an independent and autonomous regions
so it expected to minimize the dependence on urban areas. Agropolitan
development aimed at increasing agricultural production and sales of
agricultural products, support the growth of agro-processing industries small
scale to medium and encourage diversity of economic activity in the market.
Agropolitan
is the appropriate approach to regional potential. each village has a different
potential. The village is not necessarily synonymous with agriculture on farm.
Village protected areas with low fertility that is not suitable for agropolitan
type, can be highlighted as eco-tourism.
